Английский язык для юристов. Предпринимательское право - страница 7
– acceptance – акцепт, акцептование
– cost-plus contract – договор на условиях оплаты фактических расходов с начислением определенного процента от этих расходов
– counteroffer – встречное предложение; контроферта
– current market price contract – договор на условиях оплаты по текущим рыночным ценам
– firm offer – предложение товара или ценных бумаг по твердой цене; твердое предложение
– invitation to trade – приглашение сделать оферту
– mirror image rule – правило зеркального отображения
– offer – предложение; оферта
– offeree – адресат оферты; лицо, которому делается предложение
– offerer – оферент; лицо, делающее предложение
– option contract – опционный контракт
– output contract – договор о продаже всей произведенной продукции
– public offer – оферта, обращенная к неопределенному кругу лиц
– rejection – отклонение, отказ
– requirements contract – контракт «на все потребности покупателя» (предусматривающий закупку покупателем только у одного поставщика)
– revocation – отмена, аннулирование; ревокация
The first element of a valid contract is the existence of an offer. An offer is a proposal made by one party to another indicating a willingness to enter into a contract. The person who makes an offer is called an offeror. The person to whom the offer is made is called the offeree. An offer is valid only if it has serious intent, has clear and reasonably definite terms, and has been communicated to the offeree.
An offer is invalid if it is made as an obvious joke, during an emotional outburst of rage or anger, or under circumstances that might convey a lack of serious intent. The offerer's words or actions must give the offeree assurance that a binding agreement is intended. Serious intent is determined by the offerer's words and actions and by what the offeree believed was intended by those words and actions.
The offerer's words must give the offeree assurance that a binding agreement is intended.
The terms of an offer must be sufficiently clear to remove any doubt about the contractual intentions of the offerer.
The communicated terms of an offer must be sufficiently clear to remove any doubt about the contractual intentions of the offerer. No valid offer will exist when terms are indefinite, inadequate, vague, or confusing.
In general, an offer should include points similar to those covered in a newspaper story – who, what, when, where, and how [much] – if it is to be clear, definite, and certain. In other words, the offer should identify the parties involved in the contract, the goods or services that will be the subject matter of the contract, the price the offerer is willing to pay or receive, and the time required for the performance of the contract.
Sometimes laws permit offers to omit certain information. They can state that even though one or more terms are left open a contract for sale does not fail for indefiniteness if the parties have intended to make a contract and there is a reasonably certain basis for giving an appropriate remedy. For example, cost-plus contracts, output contracts, requirements contracts, and current market price contracts are enforceable even though they are not complete in certain matters. A cost-plus contract does not include a final price. Instead, that price is determined by the cost of labor and materials plus an agreed percentage markup. An
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