EXERCISES:
1. State to what part of speech the following words belong according to their suffixes and translate them into Russian:
environmental, economic, degradation, commercial, rapidly, condition, chiefly, salinity, navigation, increasingly, costly, settlement, population, ecological, serious, consequence, reduction, agriculture, husbandry, region, adjacent, productivity, pasture, desertification, replacement, inedible, natural, vegetation, considerable, respiratory, variety, directly, recession, affliction, possibly, inhalation, ingestion, pollution, irrigation, hygienic, quality, largely, drainage, minimal, commonly, factor, general, mortality, morbidity.
2. Find in the text the English equivalents for the following words and word-combinations:
быстро меняющиеся условия, исчезать, ущерб, поселок, зависеть, население, серьезные последствие, животноводство, заболевания дыхательных путей, примыкающий к морю район, загрязнение окружающей среды, орошение, плохое качество питьевой воды, минимальная обработка, вода содержит пестициды и дефолианты, зараженная питьевая вода, плохое питание, высокая рождаемость, общая смертность.
3. Make questions of the following statements. Begin each question with the words given in brackets:
1. The population in the area adjacent to the Aral Sea suffers a variety of health problems. (What problems..?)
2. Some of the health problems are linked to the sea's recession. (What…to?)
3. Poor quality drinking water is a critical problem. (What..?)
4. Such water has high salt levels. (What salt levels..?)
5. The Aral Sea water contains pesticides, defoliants, fertilizers. (What..?)
4. Make the following sentences negative:
1. Commercial fishing ceased in the 1980s.
2. The shoreline receded tens of kilometers from fishing towns and villages.
3. Commercial navigation across the Aral Sea stopped.
4. Animal husbandry has been damaged by the diminishing productivity of pastures.
5. Natural vegetation and crops are suffering the most damage.
6. Health problems are the results of environmental pollution.
7. General mortality and morbidity are the highest in the region.
5. Answer the questions:
1. Why did commercial fishing cease in the Aral Sea?
2. Why did commercial navigation stop?
3. Why is the region around the sea considered as "ecological disaster zone"?
4. Why was animal husbandry damaged?
5. What is the reason of high levels of respiratory illnesses?
6. What does the population of the area suffer?
7. What is the reason of the poor quality drinking water?
8. What does the drinking water contain?
9. What is the result of poor medical care, poor diet and lack of sewage system?
New words and expressions:
issue (n, v) – вопрос, выпускать
implementation – выполнение
ensure – обеспечивать
supply (n,v) – снабжение, снабжать,
at least – по крайней мере
release – выпускать
cope – справляться
improve – улучшать
diversify – разнообразить
emphasis – ударение
means – средство
local – местный
care – забота, попечение , уход
delivery – доставка
as well as – также, тоже
total – итог, сумма, общий, полный
estimate – оценивать
recession – спад
halt – останавливать
gradually – постепенно
restoration – восстановление
endemic – эндемический
species – виды
tolerant – терпимый
valuable – ценный
flourish – процветать
assume – принимать
rehabilitate – восстанавливать
however – однако, тем не менее
