English for academic and scientific purpose - страница 5

Blood Flow and Brain Activity

While we are on the subject of emotional processing, another difference worth looking closely at is the activity difference between male and female brains. The female brain, in part thanks to far more natural blood flow throughout the brain at any given moment (more white matter processing), and because of a higher degree of blood flow in a concentration part of the brain called the cingulate gyrus, will often ruminate on and revisit emotional memories more than the male brain.

Males, in general, are designed a bit differently. Males tend, after reflecting more briefly on an emotive memory, to analyze it somewhat, and then move onto the next task. During this process, they may also choose to change course and do something active and unrelated to feelings rather than analyze their feelings at all. Thus, observers may mistakenly believe that boys avoid feelings in comparison to girls or move to problem solving too quickly.

These four, natural design differences listed above are just a sample of how males and females think differently. Scientists have discovered approximately 100 gender differences in the brain, and the importance of these differences cannot be overstated. Understanding gender differences from a neurological perspective not only opens the door to greater appreciation of the different genders, it also calls into question how we parent, educate, and support our children from a young age. (3)

Task 19

What is the meaning of the underlined words? Translate the following sentences.

1. The gray-white matter difference may explain why, in adulthood, females are great multi-taskers, while men excel in highly task-focused projects.

2. In part, because of differences in processing these chemicals, males on average tend to be less inclined to sit still for as long as females and tend to be more physically impulsive and aggressive.

3. The differences between male and female brains in these areas show up all over the world, but scientists also have discovered exceptions to every so-called gender rule.

4. When it comes to discussing feelings and emotions and senses together, girls tend to have an advantage, and they tend to have more interest in talking about these things.

5. The smaller the hole the slower the flow until the hole gets so small that a single grain of sand stops the entire flow altogether.

6. As with all gender differences, no one-way of doing things is better or worse.

Speaking and writing:

Task 20

Answer the following questions.

1. How do men and women estimate time?

2. Who is better in human relations?

3. What is/are the difference(s) between genders in mind and brain?

4. What is the function of gray matter?

5. Is the number of structural elements in the human brains different?

6. What is “cingulate gurus”?

7. How many gender differences have been discovered?

Task 21

Write out the words you find most important for understanding the text and write a brief summary of the text.

Rendering:

Task 22

Render the text into English.

Доктор биологических наук, руководитель отдела эмбриологии НИИ морфологии человека РАМН Сергей САВЕЛЬЕВ.

Мозговитые лентяи

Сергей Вячеславович, в энциклопедиях написано, что самый тяжелый мозг у европеоидов 1375 граммов, а самый легкий у коренных австралийцев всего 1185 граммов. Почему их Бог обделил?