Глоссариум по искусственному интеллекту: 2500 терминов. Том 2 - страница 24

Cognitive science – the interdisciplinary scientific study of the mind and its processes227.

Cohort is a sample in study (conducted to evaluate a machine learning algorithm, for example) where it is followed prospectively or retrospectively and subsequent status evaluations with respect to a disease or outcome are conducted to determine which initial participants’ exposure characteristics (risk factors) are associated with it.

Cold-Start is a potential issue arising from the fact that a system cannot infer anything for users or items for which it has not gathered a sufficient amount of information yet228.

Collaborative filtering – making predictions about the interests of one user based on the interests of many other users. Collaborative filtering is often used in recommendation systems229.

Combinatorial optimization in operations research, applied mathematics and theoretical computer science, combinatorial optimization is a topic that consists of finding an optimal object from a finite set of objects230.

Committee machine is a type of artificial neural network using a divide and conquer strategy in which the responses of multiple neural networks (experts) are combined into a single response. The combined response of the committee machine is supposed to be superior to those of its constituent experts. Compare ensembles of classifiers231.

Commoditization is the process of transforming a product from an elite to a generally available (comparatively cheap commodity of mass consumption)232.

Common Data Element (CDE) is a tool to support data management for clinical research233.

Commonsense reasoning is a branch of artificial intelligence concerned with simulating the human ability to make presumptions about the type and essence of ordinary situations they encounter every day234.

Compiler is a program that translates text written in a programming language into a set of machine codes. AI framework compilers collect the computational data of the frameworks and try to optimize the code of each of them, regardless of the hardware of the accelerator. The compiler contains programs and blocks with which the framework performs several tasks. The computer memory resource allocator, for example, allocates power individually for each accelerator235.

Composite AI is a combined application of various artificial intelligence methods (deep machine learning, computer vision, natural language processing, contextual analysis, knowledge graphs, data visualization, forecasting methods, etc.) to increase the efficiency of model training in order to achieve a synergistic effect from their use and the best results of the work of artificial intelligence systems. One of the ideas that is laid down in the creation of composite artificial intelligence is to obtain a sane artificial intelligence that will be able to understand the essence of the problems and solve a wide range of problems, offering optimal solutions.236,237,238.

Compression is a method of reducing the size of computer files. There are several compression programs available, such as gzip and WinZip239.

Computation is any type of arithmetic or non-arithmetic calculation that follows a well-defined model (e.g., an algorithm)240.

Computational chemistry is a discipline using mathematical methods for the calculation of molecular properties or for the simulation of molecular behaviour. It also includes, e.g., synthesis planning, database searching, combinatorial library manipulation.