4. Он с удовольствием прочел это документальное произведение, которое ему очень понравилось.
5. Что значит быть хорошим редактором?
6. Не стоит забывать, что после редактирования произведение должно звучать как у автора, а не нести в себе стиль редактора.
7. Быть хорошим редактором означает глубоко проникать в сущность повествования.
8. Speak out on the text subject using as many words from the text as possible.
1. Read and learn the following words and expressions:
1. Branch – отрасль
2. Appearance- появление
3. social consciousness-общественное сознание
4. genesis – происхождение, зарождение
5. along with- наряду с
6. expansion – распространение, расширение
7. destribution – распределение
8. to encounter-встретить, столкнуться с
9. rapidity -скорость
10. harsh sentences —суровые приговоры
11. secular-светский
12. to facilitate – облегчать
13. cylinder press-плоскопечатная машина
14. in accordance with- в соответствии с
15. contingent – доля, квота
16. bookselling-книгораспространение
17. artisan- ремесленник
18. handicraft – ручная работа
19. editorial – редакторский
20. scribes – писцы, секретари
21. fines —денежные штрафы
22. multivolume-многотомный
23. Cyrillic characters – буквы шрифта кириллица
24. annals-летописи
25. establishment- образование, основание
2. Read the text below:
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/Publishing+industry
PUBLISHING
Publishing is a branch of culture and production that involves the preparation, production, and distribution of books, magazines, newspapers, and graphic material. The level, scope, and orientation of publishing are determined by the material, sociopolitical, and cultural conditions of a society.
Book publishing existed for many centuries before the appearance of printing. As a means of expression of social consciousness, the manuscript book influenced the development and formation of ideas and knowledge; however, its sphere of influence was extremely limited. J. Gutenberg’s invention of the European method of printing (mid-15th century) opened up a new era in the history of books; the printed word became an important factor in social development.
The publishing house emerged as an enterprise for the production of printed matter in Europe in the 16th century. The genesis of publishing houses was integrally associated with the formation of capitalism. Printer-publishers emerged in the 16th and 17th centuries as a result of the expansion of printing houses, an increase in their output, the necessity for technical and especially financial provisions for production (given the lengthy cycle of publication for an individual book), and the need to organize the sale of books. The publishing activity of Aldo Manuzio (Venice) and C. Plantin (Antwerp), along with the families of Elsevier (the Netherlands) and Etienne and Didot (France), was of great significance. Publishers who did not have their own presses and gave the books they published to commercial firms appeared in the 18th century.
The development of publishing encountered considerable difficulties because of the hostile attitude of the feudal and church authorities toward the printing and distribution of secular books, which were a weapon of the bourgeoisie in the struggle against the feudal and clerical system. Publishing was contingent upon special permission; books, journals, and newspapers were subject to strict censorship. Taxes and duties were imposed upon publishing houses; they were punished by fines and shut down, and the owners of publishing enterprises and printing houses were brought to trial and given harsh sentences.
