Science and Technology in the 21st Century. Future Physics & Technology - страница 6

That might implies that all the fundamental force-interactions might come out as different manifestations of the prime natural force, the prime mover, the first cause of all changes in the universe, including the original event of the hypothetical Big Bang, the singularity referring to the early hot, dense state considered the "birth" of the universe.

So, the final cause of natural science of physics is, in the most general way, to formulate a system of comprehensive principles uniting and explaining all physical phenomena, physical causes and forces, mechanical, gravitational, thermal, electromagnetic, and nuclear forces, weak and strong.

The very universality and convertibility of natural forces and the reversible relationships of physical causes and thence their inherent integrity inspired Faraday, Maxwell and Einstein to seek unification of all the physical processes by a single set of physical laws.

The very universality and symmetry of interactions of natural forces, or reversibility of physical processes, has inspired great physical minds to discover the basic laws of physics, as symmetry principles and conservation laws, and formulate the quantum theory and relativity principle, as Einstein’s matter-energy relationship or space-time relationship.

The very universality of conservation laws of interactions of natural forces, as gravity, nuclear interactions, or electromagnetic interactions, has inspired to discover one of the basic principles of nature, that the laws of physics remains valid in all places and times in the universe. Regardless of all the changes taking place with physical systems, of any scale and complexity, basic physical quantities, as mass, momentum, mass-energy, or baryon number, remain unchangeable or constant.

But, regardless that the great ideas of forcible interactions, process reversibility, energy and effect convertibility have been guiding physical science since its origination, neither has been properly formulated as the fundamental principle and general law of nature and the universe.

To contribute, we introduced the concepts of

universal force-relationship

convertibility laws

reversibility principles

They are introduced as the highly integrative principles of physical sciences, especially, the natural science of physics and theoretical physics, as the most fundamental laws of nature and the universe (Новик И.Б., Абдуллаев А.Ш. "Введение в информационный мир", М. Наука, 1991, in Russian; see Supplement: Encyclopedic Knowledge Base in Physics).

As a result, the interactions of natural forces are formulated in the new terms of force-relationships, covering the current constructs forces, force lines, force-interactions, or force-fields. Forces are constructed as symmetrical force-relations, forceful interrelationships, efficient interrelations, powerful interrelationships, energetic interconnections, effective mapping, or forcible interactions producing physical changes and effects.

Natural forces are engines of the universe and being studied much less than the whole subject deserves. It is forces, their actions and interactions, determine the structure of the universe at all its levels, microscopic or macroscopic or cosmological. We know little about forces, their nature and properties, kinds and laws and relationships, some even hypothesizing that in unified field theories “all forces are fictitious”, or pseudo forces. Most references here traditionally go to the use of Newton's Second Law for a definition of force, which was disparaged as essentially a mathematical truism by notable physicists, philosophers and mathematicians looking for a more substantive definition of the concept of force, as the principle of all physical science.