In our research we will go the other way and we will proceed from the fact that the proof of Fermat’s Last theorem, without any doubt, should have been written down on paper at least in a sketch version. But if this is so, then where could it have disappeared moreover along with all the other papers? The answer to this question can shed light on the healing of the above-mentioned misfortune, which led to the fact that for unknown reasons this very proof for as much as three and a half centuries has become not only an unsolvable problem, but also a real stumbling block for science.
The riddles that we now have to explore seem at first as an accidental collision of all kinds of large and small stories, but these seemingly intricate events have their own rather rigid logic. It so happened that Fermat’s life and activities coincided with a turning point in history when a slow and very painful transition to the Renaissance took place after a long period of terrifying oppression by the Inquisition, which did not tolerate advanced scientific thought and have organized in France mass destruction of Protestant-Huguenots by Catholics.
Taking into account this circumstance, it is possible to explain such facts and events that from the point of view of a later time look as very strange and not able to understand. In particular, it should be noted that in those times, especially for people of ignoble origin, it would be very dangerous to have at home even completely harmless notes with formulas and calculations that could be interpreted as a very dangerous for their owners’ recordings of heretical content.
Pierre's Father Dominique Fermat was a wealthy merchant, but did not have a noble title. In 1601 his son Pierre was born, about which there is an entry in the church book, but his mother Françoise Cazeneuve and her child died not having lived after giving birth to three years. If the child had survived, then without a noble origin, he would have no chance of becoming a senator let alone a great scholar. And when after the loss of his first wife, Dominique married Claire de Long having noble roots, then this ensured a very opportunity that the future celebrity would appear [16].
Pierre Simon de Fermat was born not in 1601 as it was believed until now, but in 1607 (or in 1608) [1] in the little town of Beaumont-de-Lomagne near Toulouse. From childhood he stood out for such talent that Dominique Fermat did not spare the funds for his education and sent him to study first in Toulouse (1620 – 1625) and then in Bordeaux and Orleans (1625–1631). Pierre did not only study well, but also showed brilliant abilities that together with his mother’s kinship and financial support from his father, gave him every opportunity to get a best education as a lawyer.
During his studies the young future Senator Pierre Fermat was very keen on reading scientific literature and was so inspired by the ideas of great thinkers that he also himself felt a desire for scientific creativity. In order to learn more about what particularly interested him, he had mastered five languages4 and read with enthusiasm the works from the classics of that time. As a result, he deservedly received the highest education that just was possible in those times and deep down he cherished the dream of being able to continue work in the field of science.
