Труды IV Республиканской научно-практической online-конференции «Образование XXI века: проблемы, тенденции и перспективы» - страница 11

– pathology of puberty;

– acute and chronic infections;

– irrational nutrition;

– complications of pregnancy and childbirth.

Of the social factors that have an adverse effect on the reproductive health of the population (women), the most important are:

– social tension, instability, maladjustment, poor material and living conditions;

– lack of moral principles in society, transformation of the reproductive behavior of adolescents;

– the growth of sexually transmitted diseases;

– bad habits (alcohol, drug addiction, smoking);

– pregnancy outside of marriage;

– high abortion rate.

Qualitative indicators for assessing a woman’s health status (including reproductive health) include:

– birth rate, death rate, natural population growth;

– maternal mortality;

– frequency of extragenital pathology during pregnancy;

– the nature of gestational complications (miscarriage, gestosis) and complications of the birth act (bleeding, surgical interventions, purulent-inflammatory diseases);

– level of coverage of women of childbearing age with modern methods of contraception;

– number of abortions per 1000 women of childbearing age;

– frequency of infertility in marriage;

– perinatal and infant mortality.

If earlier most of the problems of the reproductive period were associated with miscarriage, now the couple is faced with the task of avoiding unwanted pregnancies, giving birth to desired children, regulating the intervals between pregnancies, controlling the choice of the time of birth depending on age of parents and determine the number of children in the family. The relationship of these parameters characterizes the reproductive behavior of a woman and ensures her reproductive health. Humanity is currently burdened with a burden of hereditary diseases. Some of them are manifested in an explicit form, others – in the form of a so-called hereditary predisposition. Reproductive disorders associated with genetic factors or pathological changes in the immunological relationship between mother and fetus can manifest themselves in the form of infertility (missed pregnancy), early and late miscarriage, hemolytic disease of the newborn, etc. Various harmful environmental factors (physical, chemical, biological) can lead to the occurrence of congenital malformations due to violations of the hereditary apparatus (mutations, chromosome aberrations) in the gametes of parents or more distant ancestors, as well as as a result of their influence through the mother’s body on a blastocyst or an embryo with a violation of the processes of its development.

Further development and improvement of medical technologies (methods of assisted reproductive technology, preimplantation and prenatal diagnosis, modification of endoscopic operations) is required on the basis of fundamental research in the field of reproduction and the introduction of new medical equipment in practical healthcare. The solution of medical aspects, however, can be carried out only on the condition that the latest achievements of medical science become available not to the elite, but to the majority of doctors and patients.

(Scientific supervisor: Assiya Turgambayeva, c.m.s., ass.professor

NCJSC «Semey medical university», Semey)

Relevance. The HIV epidemic, which has taken on the character of a pandemic, is now recognized as a medical and social phenomenon that is difficult to control. This problem is of concern and concern to physicians, social workers, politicians, as in Kazakhstan there is a situation in which there has been a significant deterioration in the health of the nation as a whole against the backdrop of the loss of cultural traditions in the field of prevention and protection of personal health. There is an increase in drug addiction, an increase in the prevalence of infections among young people, predominantly sexually transmitted, which indirectly indicates behavior associated with the risk of contracting HIV infection. Risk groups are extremely important in terms of influencing the spread of HIV infection in our country. Their behavior and risks have been studied for several years now. However, knowledge of the social and economic characteristics of high-risk individuals, injecting drug users and commercial sex workers, remains insufficient. Little is known about the social and economic status of individuals belonging to groups. Effective prevention and treatment programs require resources and need to be used effectively to carry out the intended activities. Despite the fact that various HIV prevention programs have been developed over the past decade, the knowledge of the population in the field of HIV prevention remains insufficient. The HIV epidemic is different from many other social problems because it is a relatively new phenomenon and no one knows exactly how it might develop. In this regard, new interventions are constantly being proposed, and each of them must be validated for inclusion in the response to the epidemic at the national and international levels. Improving the management of the effectiveness of measures to combat the spread of HIV infection through the synchronization of information flows from the population, patients, doctors of various specialties and specialists in this field seems to be the most timely.